In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): ("Title of specific document," Year)

NOTE: If the title of a document is long, use a shortened version for the in-text citations.

In-Text Citation (Quotation): ("Title of specific document," Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

Reference:

Title of specific document. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). In Title of website. URL of specific document

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): ("Neurology," n.d.) In-Text Citation (Quotation): ("Neurology", n.d.) Reference:

Neurology. (n.d.). In Neurology 101. http://neurology101.org

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Graham, 2005) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Graham, 2005)

Reference:

Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia

of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Lecture Title [Format].

Learning Management System. URL.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Bethel University, 2020)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Bethel University, 2020)

Reference:

Bethel University. (2020). Orientation to Online Learning [Video]. VCamp.

https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/.

In-Text Citation:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number)

Example

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Severson & Martin, 2009)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Severson & Martin, 2009, para. 2)

Reference:

Severson, K. &, Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It's organic, but does that mean it's safer? The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com

In-Text Citation:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title,Volume(issue), page range. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx OR URL of journal home

Examples:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Pettigrew, 2009)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):  (Pettigrew, 2009, p. 61)

Reference:

Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups? Social Psychology, 40(2), 55-65. doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year qtd. as cited in Author Surname [of the source you read], Year)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial [of the source you read]. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example 1:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Fong, 1987, as cited in Bertram, 1996)

Reference:

Do not include Fong (1987) in your References; do include Bertram (1996).

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Apple, 2016)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Apple, 2016, para. 1)

Reference:

Apple, Inc. (2016). Environmental Responsibility. http://www.apple.com/environment/

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Merriam-Webster's, 2005)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Merriam-Webster's, 2005, p. 3)

Reference:

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Merriam-Webster.

APA does not have specific guidelines for referencing a case study. The format depends on where the case study was found. For example, if you found the case study in a journal article by one author, follow the APA guidelines to cite a journal article by one author.

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Franks, 2005)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Franks, 2005, p. 148)

Reference:

Franks, A. (2005). Margaret Sanger's eugenic legacy: The control of female fertility. McFarland & Company.

The general format refers to a book with one author. If you are dealing with one editor instead of one author, you would simply insert the editor's name in the place where the author's name is now, followed by "(Ed.)" without the quotation marks. The rest of the format would remain the same.

In-Text Citation:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, slide number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Publisher. URL. 

Examples:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Park, 2021)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):  (Park, 2021, slide 3)

Reference:

Park, E. E. (2021, November 23). Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning [PowerPoint slides]. VCamp. https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps360

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. (Year, Month Day {of video post}). Title of video [Video]. Website host. URL

Example In-Text:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Norton, 2006)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Norton, 2006)

Example Reference:

Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Kinicki & Williams, 2020)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Kinicki & Williams, 2020, p. 36)

Reference:

Kinicki, A., & Williams, B. (2020). Management: A practical introduction. (9th ed.). McGraw- Hill Education. https://betheluniversityonline.net.

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). Title of specific document. Name of University website. URL of specific document

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Johnson & Becker, n.d.) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Johnson & Becker, n.d.)

Reference:

Johnson, K. A., & Becker, J. A. (n.d.). The whole brain atlas.  Harvard University Medical School. http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Burley & Harris, 2002)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Burley & Harris, 2002, p. 153)

Reference:

Burley, J., & Harris, J. (Eds.). (2002). A companion to genethics.  Blackwell.

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle [Version]. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx OR URL

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Ochs, 2004)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Ochs, 2004, p. 55)

Reference:

Ochs, S. (2004). A history of nerve functions: From animal spirits to molecular mechanisms [eBook version]. http://www.ebrary.com/corp/

In-Text Citation:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname et al.,Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname et al., Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range.

doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Westhues et al., 2001)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):  (Westhues et al., 2001, p. 40)

Reference:

Westhues, A., Lafrance, J., & Schmidt, G. (2001). A SWOT analysis of social work education in Canada. Social Work Education, 20(1), 35-

56. doi:10.1080/02615470020028364

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

Reference:

NOTE: Personal interviews are not included in the reference list because they do not provide recoverable data. Cite them in text only. If the interview is published, like in a TV program or podcast, follow the guidelines for those formats.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2005) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2005) 

Reference: Not included for personal interviews. If the interview is published, follow the guideline for that format type.

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Artist Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Artist Surname, Year)

Reference:

Artist Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork [Format]. URL

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Di Carpi, 1540) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Di Carpi, 1540)

Reference:

Di Carpi, G. (1540). The holy family [image]. http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects